Here, we report unanticipated roles for the M. Molecular decision-making processes integrating fungal growth and metabolism in host cells with interface function and dynamics are unknown. oryzae also forms a focal, plant membrane-rich structure, the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), that accumulates cytoplasmic effectors for translocation into host cells. This forms an extended biotrophic interface enclosing an apoplastic compartment into which fungal effectors can be deployed to evade host detection. Like other intracellular eukaryotic phytopathogens, the devastating rice blast fungus Magnaporthe ( Pyricularia) oryzae first infects living host cells by elaborating invasive hyphae (IH) surrounded by a plant-derived membrane. Arrows indicate appressoria on the leaf sheath surface. Stars indicate emerging invasive hyphae (IH) in adjacent cells. (D) Biotrophic growth was impaired in Δ imp1. % is the proportion of germinating spores displaying the indicated morphology by 24 hpi. Images are representative of the observed phenotypes. (C) Appressorium formation on artificial hydrophobic surfaces in Δ imp1 compared to WT.

(B) Following spore germination on artificial hydrophobic surfaces, Imp1 GFP had, by 24 hpi, localized to compartments in the appressorium. Bars with different letters indicate significant difference (α ≤ 0.05, LSD).

Bars are the mean number of spores harvested from three 10-day-old plates. (A) The clean knockout strain of IMP1, Δ imp1, sporulated at marginally reduced rates compared to WT and the Δ imp1 IMP1 GFP complementation strain. S2 Fig: IMP1 is required for appressorium morphogenesis on artificial hydrophobic surfaces and cell-to-cell biotrophic growth in rice cells.

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